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@article{185222,
        author = {AGURU MANOJ KUMAR},
        title = {Transformative Impact of 2020 Public Sector Bank Mergers in India: An Analysis Using EVA-BSC Integrated Framework},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {5},
        pages = {4265-4269},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=185222},
        abstract = {The 2020 merger of ten public sector banks (PSBs) into four anchor institutions, Punjab National Bank (PNB), Canara Bank (CB), Union Bank of India (UBI), and Indian Bank, stands as a landmark reform to strengthen India’s banking sector resilience, unlock economies of scale, and drive sustainable value creation. This study evaluates the post-merger performance of these four banks over 2020–21 to 2023–24, benchmarked against their 2016–17 to 2019–20 pre-merger baseline, using the EVA-BSC Integrated Framework, a globally recognized methodology that combines Economic Value Added (EVA) for accurate financial profit measurement and the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) for holistic assessment of non-financial (customer, internal process, learning-growth) dimensions. Unlike narrow ratio-based models (e.g., CAMEL), this framework captures both tangible and intangible value drivers, with statistical validation via the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test (a = 0.05). Results confirm a statistically significant improvement in overall performance across all four banks post-merger, driven by transformative synergies including digital integration, cost optimization, expanded market reach, and enhanced NPA resolution. Notably, previously underperforming banks like PNB achieved positive EVA, while UBI recorded a 152% EVA growth, with meaningful competitive rank shifts that traditional assessments failed to capture. The findings validate the 2020 merger’s success in achieving scale, efficiency, and strategic alignment, offering actionable insights for policymakers and bank leadership to sustain long-term value creation. This study contributes to literature by demonstrating the EVA-BSC framework’s efficacy in evaluating large-scale banking consolidations, addressing gaps in holistic post-merger performance assessment.},
        keywords = {Indian Public Sector Bank Mergers (PSB Mergers), EVA-BSC Integrated Framework, Economic Value Added (EVA), Balanced Scorecard (BSC), Post-Merger Performance, Value Creation; Merger Synergies, Indian Banking Sector; Anchor Banks, Non-Performing Assets (NPAs), Digital Transformation; Operational Efficiency, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, CAMEL Model, WACC},
        month = {October},
        }