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@article{185738,
        author = {Brahmam Odugu and Saee Sakpal and Devarsh Patel and M. P Kavin and Rishit Taluka},
        title = {The Architecture of Unity: Mathematical and Spiritual Symbolism of Nine-Fold Geometry in the Baha'i Lotus Temple},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {5},
        pages = {2626-2641},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=185738},
        abstract = {The Bahá’í Lotus Temple in New Delhi is one of the most inspiring examples of how mathematics and spirituality can work together to express unity. This paper explains, in simple mathematical language, how the temple’s nine-fold geometry—based on nine equal sides and nine entrances—creates both physical balance and a feeling of peace. Using ideas familiar to secondary-school mathematics, such as symmetry, circles, and angles, the paper shows that when shapes are arranged evenly, they form patterns that people naturally find beautiful and calming [2].
The number nine holds special meaning in the Bahá’í Faith, representing completeness and the idea that all people and religions are connected [5]. By combining simple geometry with this spiritual idea, the temple becomes more than a building—it becomes a lesson about equality. The research introduces the concept of a Unity Center, the exact middle point of the design, where all entrances and curved paths meet. Around this center, light and sound are distributed almost equally, which can be explained using basic ideas of symmetry and proportion.
In this way, mathematics becomes a bridge between science and faith. It helps students see that geometry is not only about numbers and measurements but also about harmony, fairness, and the beauty of balance in both architecture and life. 
 Bahá’í Faith, Lotus Temple, sacred geometry, nine-fold symmetry, symmetry in nature, equality through design, Unity Center, mathematics and spirituality, harmony, peace in architecture.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {October},
        }