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@article{185969,
        author = {Syed Shareef Uddin and Mirza Umear Abdullah Baig and Syed Abdullah Hassan and Mohd Faizan and mr mohammed jalal uddin Asst prof and Dr G Vikas},
        title = {4D PRINTING IN CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {5},
        pages = {3085-3088},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=185969},
        abstract = {— Printing has emerged Four-dimensional (4D) as a transformative extension of additive manufacturing, introducing the dimension of time into three-dimensional (3D) printed structures. In construction, 4D printing enables materials and components to adapt their shape, properties, or performance in response to external stimuli such as temperature, humidity, light, or mechanical stress. This dynamic capability offers significant potential for smart building systems, self-healing infrastructure, adaptive facades, and resource-efficient construction. By integrating responsive materials, advanced design algorithms, and digital fabrication, 4D printing addresses critical challenges in sustainability, durability, and adaptability within the built environment. Current research highlights applications ranging from programmable concrete composites to polymer-based reinforcements and bio-inspired structures, paving the way for self-assembling and multifunctional construction elements. While technical barriers related to scalability, material performance, and cost remain, the development of 4D printing in construction materials represents a promising direction for future smart and resilient infrastructure.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {October},
        }