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@article{186404,
        author = {Apurva Laxman Kamble and Vaishnavi Ramdas Pawar and Godavari Brahma and Shraddha Sanjay Chavan and Harsh Anesh Pingale},
        title = {REVIEW ON TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {1683-1690},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186404},
        abstract = {Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are innovative pharmaceutical platforms that administer drugs through the skin into systemic circulation in a controlled and sustained manner. These systems offer multiple benefits, such as bypassing first-pass metabolism, maintaining consistent plasma drug levels, enhancing bioavailability, and improving patient adherence. TDDS are particularly advantageous for medications with short half-lives, poor gastrointestinal stability, or local irritant properties. Designing transdermal patches involves selecting suitable polymers, active drugs, permeation enhancers, and excipients to achieve effective delivery and patient comfort. Various patch types, including single-layer and multi-layer drug-in-adhesive, reservoir, matrix, and vapor patches, cater to different therapeutic requirements. Strategies to enhance skin permeability, such as chemical enhancers, microneedles, iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal poration, and sonophoresis, have further broadened the scope of TDDS. Despite some limitations, including restrictions to specific drug properties and possible local irritation, ongoing advancements in formulation science, adhesive technologies, and delivery techniques continue to improve TDDS efficacy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development, design, mechanism, advantages, limitations, commercially available products, and future prospects of transdermal drug delivery systems, highlighting their significance in modern therapeutics.},
        keywords = {Transdermal drug delivery, Controlled release systems, Permeation enhancers, Polymer-based patches.},
        month = {November},
        }