Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{186837,
        author = {Arundhati Nighojkar and Dilip Yadav and Suhas Janwadkar and Laxman Parhad and Mrunmayi Churi},
        title = {Gadolinium quantification from wastewater by Vortex Assisted-Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction using Novel Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvent and Spectrophotometry},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {2397-2409},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186837},
        abstract = {Gadolinium (Gd), a significant rare earth element, is gradually recognized as a contaminant in industrial wastewater. This is largely due to its widespread use in electronics manufacturing and medical imaging. Because gadolinium persist in the environment and can potentially harm ecosystems, effective and sustainable analytical methods are crucial for its monitoring and removal. This research introduces an environmentally friendly analytical method for the preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of Gd ions in industrial wastewater using Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (VA-DLLME) with a novel Deep Eutectic Solvent as the extractant. In this process, Alizarine Red S (ARS) acts as a complexing agent at a pH of 5. Subsequently, a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent is used to extract theses bound gadolinium ions. The Gd-ARS complex was subjected to vortexing at 2800 rom for 30 sec, facilitating to complete extraction of the complex into a non-aqueous phase. Various parameters were carefully analyzed to improve the extraction efficiency of gadolinium. The analytical performance showed consistent results, with linearity ranging from 14.5- 115 µg/L, a detection limit of 3.13 µg/L, and a quantification limit of 10.43 µg/L. The enrichment factor was established at 50. The method also demonstrated high precision (RSD-1.56%) and accuracy, confirmed through recovery studies in wastewater matrices with spiked gadolinium. In the analysis of real wastewater samples, this approach exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity for quantifying Gadolinium.},
        keywords = {Gadolinium, Rare Earth Element, Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Deep Eutectic Solvent, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry.},
        month = {November},
        }