Copyright © 2025 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{186969,
        author = {Matta Teja Mookambika and Jamalla sai yamini and Mrs Sridevi korimelli},
        title = {Unveiling Endometrial Sarcoma: Insights challenges and Advances},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {2635-2641},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186969},
        abstract = {The mesenchymal tumor known as endometrial stromal tumor (EST) is a rare and peculiar uterine tumor that has colorful histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics. ESTs have a morphology that is comparable to that of normal endometrial stromal cells throughout the menstrual cycle's proliferative phase. ESTs were initially categorized as benign or malignant according to the quantity of mitotic cells. Endometrial stromal nodules (ESN), undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS) are the four categories into which ESTs have lately been categorized by the WHO. When compared to other varieties, HG-ESS has poorer clinical results, making it the most malignant of these categories. Since molecular biology has advanced, Morphological identification has allowed for additional classification of ESTs. Compared to other malignancies, ESTs, including HGESS, are quite uncommon, and so no treatments are being developed for them. Nonetheless, given the tumor microenvironment of typical stromal malignancies, the development of immunotherapy has shown promising results, as documented in numerous distinct stromal tumors and unidentified uterine malignancies. These studies demonstrate the high likelihood of future immunotherapy effectiveness for HG-ESS patients. In order to connect immunotherapy with HG-ESS, the understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) is required. The TME of HG-ESS shows the mixture of tumor cells, vessels, immune cells and non-malignant stromal cells. Macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and natural killer cells lose their expected functions, but rather show pro-tumoral functions by the matricellular proteins, extracellular matrix and other complicated environment in TME. In order to overcome the current therapeutic limitations of HG-ESS, immunotherapies should be considered in addition to the current surgical strategies. Checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based immunotherapies, immune cell therapies are good candidates to be considered as they show promising results in other stromal cancers and uterine cancers, while less studied because of the rarity of ESTs. The new tactics can be used with the existing therapies as well as in other ESTs, based on the advancement of understanding regarding immune therapy in HG-ESS.},
        keywords = {Endometrial stromal nodules (ESN), undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), and high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS), Tumor microenvironment (TME), Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), Tumor-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), Endometrial sarcoma: One kind of uterine cancer that usually develops in the myometrium, or muscular layer of the uterus, is uterine sarcoma. The majority of uterine malignancies, also known as endometrial cancers or carcinomas, originate in the endometrium, the lining that lines the uterus. Conversely, sarcomas are far less prevalent. Other uncommon forms of sarcoma also originate in the uterine lining's supporting cells.},
        month = {November},
        }