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@article{187028,
        author = {Sapna Kumari and Dr. Chaman Lal},
        title = {Gender Differences in Job Satisfaction of Trained Graduate Teachers in Relation to Certain Demographic Variables},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {5077-5085},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=187028},
        abstract = {The present study investigated gender differences in job satisfaction of trained graduate teachers in relation to teaching experience, and school location. The total sample consisted of 227 teachers, including 100 males and 127 females, of which 148 were from rural schools and 79 from urban schools. It was hypothesized that no significant differences would exist in job satisfaction between male and female teachers across rural–urban settings and levels of teaching experience. A descriptive survey method was employed, and data were collected from 48 schools selected from four districts of Himachal Pradesh Mandi, Kullu, Bilaspur, and Hamirpur. From each district, eight rural and four urban schools were included, providing a balanced representation of both contexts.The job satisfaction scale developed by Dr. Amar Singh and Dr. T.R. Sharma (1999) was administered to the sample and independent-samples t-tests were conducted to examine gender differences across the specified demographic variables. The findings revealed that male teachers reported significantly higher job satisfaction than female teachers in urban schools, whereas no significant differences were observed in rural schools. Further, male teachers with lower teaching experience demonstrated higher level of job satisfaction as compared to their female counterparts, while no gender-based differences were evident among teachers at more teaching experience levels. These results highlight the influence of gender and experience related factors in shaping teacher’s job satisfaction and suggest that professional support mechanisms should be dealt with to address to teacher’s job satisfaction for enhancing quality of learning in school education.},
        keywords = {Job Satisfaction; Trained Graduate Teachers; Gender Differences; Teaching Experience; Rural and Urban Schools;},
        month = {November},
        }