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@article{188269,
        author = {Dr. Godsonfrancis},
        title = {Typhoid in Tamil Nadu: Trends, Challenges, and Public Health Implications (2015-2025)},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {1332-1335},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188269},
        abstract = {Typhoid fever remains a significant public health concern in India, with recent estimates indicating approximately 10 million cases in 2021, the highest national burden globally. However, a critical lack of recent, state-specific surveillance data for Tamil Nadu hinders accurate burden assessment and targeted intervention. This review synthesizes available national and regional evidence to extrapolate trends, challenges, and implications for Tamil Nadu. Major challenges include evolving antimicrobial resistance, with ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility in 99.3% of S. Typhi isolates nationally, and limitations in diagnostic capacity. Public health implications underscore the urgent need for enhanced lab-based surveillance, the integration of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines (TCV) into the state immunization program, and the strengthening of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) infrastructure. An integrative approach is essential for the effective prevention and control of typhoid fever in Tamil Nadu.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {December},
        }