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@article{188318,
        author = {Junaid Allabaksh Mulla and Pallavi . N. Patil and Kulsum. Z. Bandar and Kartika Babaso Gavade and Jahir Mirzagalib Mujawar},
        title = {A Review of Treatment Strategies and Analytical Approaches on Kidney Stones},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {3979-3984},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188318},
        abstract = {Kidney stones are mineral deposits in the renal calyces and pelvis that are either free or attached to the renal papillae. They contain crystalline and organic components and are formed when urine becomes supersaturated with respect to a mineral. Calcium oxalate is the main constituent of most stones, many of which form on a foundation of calcium phosphate called Randall’s plaques, which are present on the renal papillary surface. Stone formation is highly prevalent, with rates of up to 14.8% and increasing, and a recurrence rate of up to 50% within the first five years of the initial stone episode.[1] Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for stone formation, which can lead to hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. The management of symptomatic kidney stones has evolved from open surgical lithotomy to minimally invasive endourological treatments, leading to a reduction in patient morbidity, improved stone-free rates, and better quality of life. The prevention of recurrence requires behavioral and nutritional interventions, as well as pharmacological treatments that are specific to the type of stone. There is a great need for recurrence prevention which requires a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in stone formation to facilitate the development of more effective drugs. [2]},
        keywords = {},
        month = {April},
        }