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@article{188644,
        author = {ANU KUMARI and DR. K. LATHA and NEERAJ KUMAR and AVINASH KUMAR and ASHVINI KUMAR and KAJAL KUMARI and MANTESH KUMAR},
        title = {A study to assess the effectiveness of Structured teaching programe on early detection of breast cancer among girls under GNSU at Jamuhar, Bihar.},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {3091-3096},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188644},
        abstract = {Background Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies affecting women worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), breast cancer accounts for approximately 25% of all cancer cases among women globally. In India, the incidence and mortality associated with breast cancer have been steadily rising due to late diagnosis, lack of awareness, and limited access to healthcare services, particularly in rural and semi-urban regions. Early detection through breast self- examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography significantly improves treatment outcomes, survival rates, and quality of life in affected individuals. In this context, educating adolescent girls and young women about breast cancer and its early detection methods is of paramount importance. Early education not only empowers them with knowledge but also encourages a proactive attitude toward selfcare and health-seeking behaviors. Structured teaching programmes serve as an effective tool in nursing education to impart health-related knowledge in a systematic and measurable way.
This study was undertaken to assess the existing knowledge and to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on early detection of breast cancer among girls studying under Gopal Narayan Singh University (GNSU), Jamuhar, Bihar. 
Objectives of the Study
1.To assess the pre-existing knowledge regarding early detection of breast cancer among girls under GNSU.
2.To implement a structured teaching programme on early detection methods of breast cancer.
3.To evaluate the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme by comparing pre-test and post-test knowledge scores.
4.To find out the association between knowledge scores and selected demographic variables such as age, course of study, family history of breast cancer, and source of information.
Methodology
The research design adopted for this study was a pre-experimental one-group pre-test post-test design. The study was conducted among 60 girls selected through purposive sampling technique from GNSU, Jamuhar. A structured knowledge questionnaire was developed, validated, and used as the tool for data collection.
In the first phase, a pre-test was conducted to assess the existing level of knowledge regarding early detection of breast cancer. Following this, a structured teaching programme was implemented using visual aids, PowerPoint presentations, charts, and interactive discussion. After 7 days, a post-test was administered to measure the effectiveness of the teaching programme.
Statistical analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics (paired t-test and chi-square test) to determine the difference in knowledge scores and their association with selected demographic variables.
Results
The pre-test results revealed that the majority of participants had inadequate to moderately adequate knowledge regarding early signs, risk factors, and preventive measures of breast cancer. After the structured teaching intervention, there was a significant increase in the post-test knowledge scores.
The mean pre-test score was 9.2 ± 2.5, while the mean post-test score increased to 17.6 ± 1.8, indicating a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). The paired t- test confirmed the effectiveness of the structured teaching programme.
The chi-square test showed a significant association between post-test knowledge scores and demographic variables such as age group, course of study, and previous source of information about breast cancer. However, there was no significant association with variables like family history of breast cancer or residential background.
Interpretation and Conclusion
The findings of the study clearly indicate that the structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge level regarding early detection of breast cancer among girls of GNSU. The increase in knowledge scores post-intervention signifies the importance of educational strategies in raising awareness and promoting self- examination practices among young women.
Breast cancer, though a serious health condition, can be effectively managed if detected early. Hence, introducing structured awareness programmes in educational institutions can act as a preventive measure and empower future generations to take charge of their health. Nurses play a critical role in health education, and this study reaffirms the necessity of integrating such preventive strategies into nursing and public health initiatives.},
        keywords = {Breast Cancer, Early Detection, Structured Teaching Programme, Awareness, Girls, GNSU, Nursing Education, Preventive Health, Health Promotion, Self-examination.},
        month = {December},
        }