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@article{189034,
        author = {Jayshree k. bakal and Shankar S Khandare},
        title = {A Review on Adverse Drug Reaction Management},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {4398-4405},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189034},
        abstract = {Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remain a major concern for patient safety and public health, contributing significantly to morbidity, mortality, and rising healthcare costs worldwide. Although medicines undergo extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation prior to approval, many ADRs become evident only after widespread use in real-world clinical practice. Therefore, effective management of ADRs is essential to ensure the safe, rational, and effective use of medications. ADR management involves the systematic detection, assessment, treatment, prevention, and reporting of adverse drug events through organized pharmacovigilance systems. This review presents an overview of current concepts and practices in ADR management, highlighting both traditional and emerging strategies. Spontaneous reporting systems continue to form the backbone of ADR detection; however, their effectiveness is limited by underreporting, incomplete information, and reporting bias. To overcome these challenges, active surveillance approaches utilizing real-world data sources such as electronic health records, insurance claims databases, and patient registries are increasingly employed to enhance signal detection and safety monitoring. Causality assessment tools, including the WHO–UMC scale and Naranjo’s algorithm, play a crucial role in the systematic evaluation of suspected ADRs and support informed clinical decision-making. The review also emphasizes the vital role of healthcare professionals—particularly physicians, pharmacists, and nurses—in identifying, managing, and preventing ADRs through interdisciplinary collaboration and patient education. Furthermore, regulatory frameworks, post-marketing surveillance, and risk management plans are essential for translating safety signals into effective risk-minimization strategies. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and pharmacogenomics offer promising opportunities for improving early detection and prevention of ADRs, despite ongoing challenges related to data quality and implementation. Overall, effective ADR management requires a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and proactive approach to improve medication safety and therapeutic outcomes.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {December},
        }