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@article{189379,
        author = {Dr. Anita Sagar},
        title = {Overcoming the Shockley-Queisser Limit: Novel Approaches in Multi-Junction and Hot-Carrier Solar Cells},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {7916-7918},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189379},
        abstract = {The Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit imposes a theoretical maximum efficiency of approximately 33.7% on conventional single-junction solar cells, primarily due to transmission and thermalization losses. To meet global renewable energy targets, photovoltaic (PV) technologies must transcend this thermodynamic barrier. This article presents a comparative analysis of two leading strategies: Multi-Junction Solar Cells (MJSCs), which spatially partition the solar spectrum, and Hot-Carrier Solar Cells (HCSCs), which attempt to harvest excess kinetic energy before thermal relaxation. We review recent milestones, including the 34.85% efficiency record for perovskite-silicon tandems and the breakthrough 27.3% efficiency achieved by a perovskite hot-carrier device in 2024. The analysis highlights that while MJSCs are entering commercial maturity with established techno-economic viability, HCSCs have recently graduated from theoretical concepts to high-efficiency prototypes, offering a complementary pathway to ultra-high efficiency.},
        keywords = {Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit, Multi-Junction Solar Cells, Hot-Carrier Solar Cells, ultra-high efficiency, commercial maturity},
        month = {December},
        }