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@article{189436,
        author = {D.Ramesh},
        title = {Enhancing IoT networks' energy efficiency for sustainable smart cities: an emphasis on energy-efficient communication protocols},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {7907-7915},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189436},
        abstract = {By increasing automation and connection, the Internet of Things' (IoT) explosive growth is propelling the creation of smart cities. However, issues with energy consumption, device longevity, and network sustainability are brought up by the growing number of IoT devices. High energy demands restrict large-scale deployments and raise costs. Energy-efficient protocols are crucial for maximizing power consumption while preserving network dependability in order to solve these problems. Adaptive power regulation, duty cycling, and hybrid energy harvesting are important tactics. Energy-neutral operations are supported via the Hybrid Energy Harvesting-Based Energy Neutral Operation Medium Access Control (HENO-MAC) protocol, which combines wind and solar energy.
Furthermore, sophisticated routing and Medium Access Control (MAC), Energy waste is reduced with the use of protocols like the Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). New communication standards like Thread 1.4 improve security and energy efficiency even more. This study assesses cutting-edge energy-efficient IoT protocols in smart urban settings, examining technologies like Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), RPL, and Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT). It also looks at edge computing, energy-harvesting IoT devices, and AI-driven energy management. The study outlines best practices for enhancing sustainability in IoT-driven cities through case studies from smart city initiatives in Singapore and Barcelona.},
        keywords = {Energy-efficient Internet of Things protocols, sustainable smart cities, and hybrid energy harvesting.},
        month = {December},
        }