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@article{189806,
        author = {Seerat Manzoor and Sadaf Abusad and Mousin Nissar Ahanger and Rifat Ataullah},
        title = {Radiation management in surgical imaging},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {986-993},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189806},
        abstract = {X-ray imaging has become an integral and indispensable component of modern healthcare for both diagnostic and interventional procedures. In orthopedic surgery, the frequent use of image intensifiers such as C-arm fluoroscopy has significantly improved surgical accuracy and outcomes. However, increased dependence on fluoroscopic guidance also raises concerns regarding radiation exposure to patients as well as occupational exposure to surgeons, radiographers, and operating theater personnel. Prolonged or repeated exposure to ionizing radiation can result in potential biological hazards if adequate radiation protection measures are not implemented. The application of radiation safety principles, including justification of procedures, optimization of exposure, and adherence to dose limits, plays a crucial role in minimizing unnecessary radiation while ensuring sufficient image quality for clinical decision-making. Regular inspection and surveillance of protective apparel such as lead aprons, thyroid shields, and protective barriers are essential to maintain their effectiveness and longevity. Radiation safety is a collective responsibility of all operating theater staff and requires proper knowledge, awareness, and strict compliance with safety protocols. Every procedure involving X-ray radiation should be clinically justified, and radiation doses should be kept to the minimum level required to achieve accurate diagnostic and interventional outcomes.},
        keywords = {X-ray imaging, C-arm fluoroscopy, Radiation protection, Orthopedic surgery, Occupational radiation exposure},
        month = {December},
        }