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@article{186093,
        author = {Seerat Manzoor and Sadaf Abusad and Mousin Nissar Ahanger},
        title = {Contrast enhanced MRI in the evaluation of intracranial meningiomas},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {261-264},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186093},
        abstract = {Meningiomas are the most common primary non-glial tumors of the central nervous system, arising from the meninges that envelop the brain and spinal cord, and while they are typically benign and slow-growing, a subset may behave aggressively or rarely become malignant. They account for 16–20% of all intracranial tumors and demonstrate an annual incidence of approximately 6 per 100,000 individuals, occurring about twice as frequently in women and most often diagnosed after the fifth decade of life, frequently as incidental findings. Symptomatic meningiomas manifest through compression or invasion of adjacent brain, spinal cord, or vascular structures, resulting in a broad spectrum of neurological deficits such as headaches, seizures, visual disturbances, hearing loss, balance problems, motor weakness, or sensory impairment. Although their etiology is often idiopathic, recognized risk factors include prior cranial irradiation, genetic syndromes such as neurofibromatosis type 2, and possibly head trauma, with a small proportion occurring in atypical extracranial locations. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the diagnostic modality of choice due to its superior tissue contrast, ability to differentiate intra- and extra-axial lesions, and characteristic radiological features, including iso- to hypointensity on T1, hyperintensity on T2 and FLAIR, restricted diffusion on DWI, avid homogeneous enhancement post-gadolinium administration, well-defined margins, and the classic dural tail sign. Nonetheless, atypical imaging appearances and overlapping features with other neoplastic or non-neoplastic entities can pose diagnostic challenges. Meningiomas may arise from virtually any dural surface, with common sites including the parasagittal region, cerebral convexity, sphenoid wing, middle cranial fossa, olfactory groove, and cerebellopontine angle, while rarer sites include the optic nerve sheath, choroid plexus, sella turcica, spine, or even extracranial regions such as the temporal bone, mandible, or mediastinum. Management strategies depend on tumor size, growth rate, location, and symptomatology, ranging from careful observation in small, asymptomatic cases to surgical resection as the mainstay of treatment, with adjunctive options such as radiotherapy or, in select cases, targeted pharmacological therapy employed to control progression or recurrence.},
        keywords = {Meningioma, Diagnosis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Spectroscopy, Diffusion tensor imaging},
        month = {October},
        }