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@article{189908,
        author = {Mirza Maazbeg Altafbeg and Lokesh Shivaji Shintre and Nehal Rajendra Patil},
        title = {Smart Grid Model With Renewable Integration & Emergency Bypass System},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {2596-2605},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189908},
        abstract = {The rapid global shift toward clean, sustainable, and decentralised energy has substantially accelerated the integration of renewable energy sources—particularly solar photovoltaic (PV) systems—into existing power networks. While this transition aligns with global environmental and carbon-reduction initiatives, it simultaneously introduces a new set of operational challenges. Renewable sources are inherently intermittent and weather-dependent, resulting in unpredictable power generation, fluctuations in voltage levels, and difficulties in maintaining supply–demand balance. These variations can negatively impact load stability, grid reliability, and power quality, especially in regions with weak or underdeveloped electrical infrastructure. In response to such limitations, there is a growing need for intelligent hybrid energy systems that combine real-time monitoring, autonomous decision-making, and rapid switching capabilities to maintain consistent and reliable power delivery. Addressing these challenges, the present study introduces an advanced Smart Grid Model with Renewable Integration and an Emergency Bypass System, designed specifically to ensure stable, continuous, and efficient power supply under highly variable operating conditions. The proposed architecture integrates solar PV generation with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) and a grid-powered emergency bypass route, forming a hybrid framework capable of dynamically coordinating multiple power sources. The system gives priority to renewable energy but seamlessly transitions to battery backup or grid supply whenever solar output becomes insufficient due to sudden irradiance drops, extended cloud coverage, panel shading, or battery depletion. The emergency bypass mechanism ensures that critical loads remain unaffected, thereby preventing power interruptions, voltage dips, or equipment malfunction. At the core of the control strategy is an Arduino-based microcontroller platform, which handles real-time voltage and current acquisition, adaptive algorithm processing, and intelligent source selection. Through continuous evaluation of PV availability, battery state-of-charge, and grid conditions, the embedded threshold logic enables sub-second switching between solar, battery, and utility grid power. This automated relay-based switching architecture not only protects connected loads but also preserves system integrity by preventing reverse power flow, short circuits, or unstable transitions.},
        keywords = {Smart grid, renewable energy, solar photovoltaic, battery energy storage system (BESS), emergency bypass mechanism, automated relay switching, Arduino-based control, real-time monitoring, microgrid stability, MATLAB/Simulink simulation, decentralized power systems.},
        month = {January},
        }