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@article{189998,
        author = {Dr Sumit Goel and Dr Divya Menon and Dr Parizad F Damania and Dr Aakash Rai and Dr Sanchita Shende},
        title = {ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS (ADRS) AND HOMEOPATHY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {743-748},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189998},
        abstract = {Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major challenge to global healthcare systems, contributing significantly to patient morbidity, mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and increased economic burden. While ADRs associated with conventional (allopathic) medicines are well documented, systematically monitored, and regulated through robust pharmacovigilance frameworks, the safety profile of homeopathic medicines remains less clearly defined and often debated. This comprehensive review examines ADRs from a dual perspective—conventional pharmacotherapy and homeopathy—with a particular focus on definitions, classification, epidemiology, regulatory oversight, and comparative safety profiles.
The paper reviews global pharmacovigilance mechanisms, including those of the WHO, USA, EU, and India, highlighting the inclusion of homeopathy within national reporting systems such as the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India. The theoretical foundations of homeopathy—especially the principles of “like cures like” and ultra-high dilution—are discussed in relation to claims of minimal toxicity. Available evidence from case reports, systematic reviews, and observational studies indicates that although homeopathic medicines generally demonstrate fewer and milder adverse effects than conventional drugs, they are not entirely risk-free. 
The review also addresses methodological and conceptual challenges in studying ADRs in homeopathy, such as individualized prescribing, lack of dose–response relationships, under-reporting, and the distinction between true ADRs and “homeopathic aggravations.” Overall, the findings suggest that homeopathy has a distinct and comparatively lower-risk ADR profile, yet warrants systematic pharmacovigilance, standardized adverse event reporting, and stringent quality control to ensure patient safety. Integrating homeopathy into evidence-based safety monitoring frameworks is essential for responsible and informed clinical practice.},
        keywords = {Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs); Pharmacovigilance; Homeopathy Safety; Homeopathic Aggravation; Conventional vs Homeopathic Medicine; Drug Toxicity; WHO Pharmacovigilance; FDA Homeopathy Guidelines; Drug Regulation; Ultra-dilution; Traditional Medicine Safety; Homeopathy Adverse Events; Herbal and Homeopathic Risks; Comparative Drug Safety; Homeopathic Potency},
        month = {January},
        }