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@article{190324,
        author = {Mote Nikita Somnath and Prof. DahaleRaju Navnath},
        title = {Busulfan used in leukanemia cancer},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {3294-3302},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=190324},
        abstract = {The early history of leukemia reaches back 200 years. In 1811, Peter Cullen defined a case of splenitis acutus with unexplainable milky blood. Early signs of leukemia in blood work often include abnormal blood cell counts, particularly high or low white blood cell counts, low red blood cell counts, and low platelet counts. These abnormalities can be detected through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which is a common initial diagnostic test for leukemia. However, not all leukemia types cause these cells to circulate in the blood; they may remain in the bone marrow. For the treatment of leukemia, we use the anticancer drug that is busulfan. Busulfan was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 1999. Busulfan is a type of chemotherapy drug that works by damaging the DNA inside cells, also stop cancer cell growth. It’s used to treat leukemia and prepare for bone marrow transplants. The therapeutic monitoring of busulfan is often initiated to ensure that the patient's level is within the optimal goal range. For patients over 12 kg, use busulfan injection at 0.8 mg/kg intravenously every 6 hours for 4 consecutive days (Days -7, - 6, -5, and -4), followed by cyclophosphamide at 60 mg/kg intravenously on Days -3 and -2. Busulfan specifically works by having a hydrolysis reaction occur with the 2 easily displaced methane sulfonate groups located on opposite ends of a butane chain within the drug's chemical structure. This is a nucleophilic substitution reaction with the guanine molecules to create positively charged, highly reactive carbonium ions. These ions form DNA intra strand cross- links, which, in turn, disrupt and damage the cancer cell's DNA. Another inhibitory effect that busulfan exerts on DNA is binding to the cysteine molecules of histone proteins, which leads to DNA-protein binding. Busulfan also disrupts the cellular redox equilibrium by interacting with the sulfhydryl groups of glutathione, increasing oxidative stress in cancer cells.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {January},
        }