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@article{190859,
        author = {Sneha Shaji and Abhinand K Bhasy and Rohithnath K S and Anarkha Benny and Dr. R Suma},
        title = {Risk and Return: Concept, Types and Measurement of Risk, Return, Beta and Variance},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {5503-5508},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=190859},
        abstract = {Risk and return are central to investment analysis and portfolio management in modern finance. Every investment decision involves a trade-off between expected return and the uncertainty of achieving it. This paper examines the concept, types, and measurement of risk and return, with emphasis on systematic and unsystematic risk, various forms of return, and key quantitative measures such as variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and beta. It also highlights the role of diversification in risk reduction and explains the significance of beta and variance in asset pricing and portfolio theory. The study aims to provide conceptual clarity and a strong analytical foundation for understanding investment risk and return.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {January},
        }