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@article{192572,
        author = {SRI KAVI P and NAGARANI M},
        title = {BLOCKCHAIN ENABLED E-VOTING: DESIGN PRINCIPLES, CRYPTOGRAPHIC SAFEGUARDS, AND SCALABILITY HURDLES},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {9},
        pages = {3119-3123},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=192572},
        abstract = {Electronic voting systems promise efficiency and accessibility but continue to face serious challenges related to security, transparency, voter privacy, and trust. Conventional approaches such as Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and centralized online voting platforms are vulnerable to manipulation, single points of failure, and limited auditability. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature, has emerged as a promising solution to address these concerns. This survey presents a comprehensive analysis of blockchain-based secure voting systems, focusing on system architectures, authentication and authorization mechanisms, cryptographic techniques, and consensus models. Existing blockchain voting frameworks are examined with respect to voter anonymity, integrity of ballots, resistance to tampering, and scalability. The paper also compares public, private, and consortium blockchain approaches used in voting applications. Furthermore, current challenges such as throughput limitations, privacy preservation, regulatory constraints, and real-world deployment issues are discussed. The survey concludes by highlighting open research directions and future enhancements required for large-scale national-level blockchain voting systems},
        keywords = {Blockchain, Secure Voting System, Electronic Voting, SHA-256, AES Encryption, Smart Contracts, Voter Authentication, Ethereum, Decentralization, Cryptography},
        month = {February},
        }