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@article{192827,
        author = {Kailashika Verma},
        title = {Virtual Confinement : Internet Restraints as a Form of State Punitive Action in India},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {9},
        pages = {3361-3365},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=192827},
        abstract = {The contemporary scene of cyber-crimes growing statistically higher than ever and newer forms thereof arising each day, the cyber-legal regime demands for modern-day equipped legal action backed by legislative sanction. Despite the increase in instances of cyber and related offences, the rates of conviction are seemingly low. Further, the rising rates of offences also point towards the lack of deterrence in society against cyber-offenders. 
This article is built around the premise that lack of evidence-based convictions, societal deterrence and punitive actions and challenges in establishing virtual liability are key- factors contributing towards the ever-increasing cyber-crimes, and hence must be dealt with. It proposes a design to introduce internet restraints, bans and confinements as a form of legitimate state punitive action and further discusses the manner and kinds of offences where the proposed punishment may be prescribed while also suggesting a mechanism of implementation in order to increase cyber-liability, punitive effects and societal deterrence. The aim is also to critically examine the constitutional interpretation of internet access as a right under Article 19 and 21, arguing for legislative reforms that recognize proportional internet restraint as a legitimate state action.},
        keywords = {virtual confinement, internet restraints, cyber-crime, internet access.},
        month = {February},
        }