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@article{193399,
        author = {Prasanth M and Dr Thillaivignesh Balasubramanium and Dr Toral Vaja and Dr Vijayalakshmi Archunan},
        title = {A Literature Review On The Effects Of Physiotherapy On Bradykinesia In Parkinson’s Disease},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {10},
        pages = {196-203},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=193399},
        abstract = {Bradykinesia, characterized by slowness and reduced amplitude of voluntary movement, is one of the most disabling symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Despite advances in pharmacological treatment, bradykinesia often persists or worsens with disease progression, impairing independence and functional ability. Physiotherapy has emerged as a critical, evidence-based, non-pharmacological strategy targeting motor re-education, amplitude enhancement, and neuroplastic adaptation.
This review consolidates and examines twenty recent peer-reviewed studies published between 2012 and 2025 that investigate the impact of various physiotherapy interventions on bradykinesia in PD. Interventions assessed include amplitude-based movement training (LSVT-BIG), rhythmic auditory cueing, treadmill and robotic gait training, aerobic and resistance exercises, and multimodal neurophysiological rehabilitation programs. 
Findings reveal that physiotherapy interventions emphasizing task-specific, high-intensity, and repetitive motor practice significantly improve movement velocity, amplitude, and coordination. Furthermore, multimodal programs combining cueing, amplitude training, and endurance exercises demonstrated longer-lasting improvements compared to isolated techniques.
Overall, the evidence supports physiotherapy as a cornerstone in managing bradykinesia through mechanisms of motor learning and neuroplasticity. The review underscores the need for individualized, sustained rehabilitation protocols integrating innovative, technology-assisted approaches for enhanced outcomes.},
        keywords = {Parkinson’s disease, Bradykinesia, Physiotherapy, Neuroplasticity, LSVT-BIG, Cueing, Exercise therapy, Motor learning},
        month = {March},
        }