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@article{194600,
        author = {DR.R.SUNDHARARAJAN and MRS.S.G.RAMAN and MADHAN.G and MOHAMMED AZEEM.A and RAHUL.R and SENTHILNATHAN.R and VIKRAM KUMAR GUPTA.R},
        title = {BORRERIA AND SPERMACOCE SPECIES-A REVIEW ON THEIR PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITES},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {10},
        pages = {4664-4669},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=194600},
        abstract = {The genera Borreria and Spermacoce, belonging to the family Rubiaceae, represent taxonomically intricate and pharmacologically significant groups of herbaceous angiosperms widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Although traditionally distinguished by fruit dehiscence patterns and seed morphology, clear separation between the two genera remains contentious due to overlapping morphological traits and molecular evidence suggesting close phylogenetic relationships. Members of these genera typically exhibit opposite leaves, interpetiolar stipules, actinomorphic bisexual flowers, and capsular fruits—features characteristic of Rubiaceae. Ecologically adaptable, they thrive in open and disturbed habitats, including grasslands, roadsides, and cultivated lands, with some species regarded as weeds while others contribute to ecological balance. Ethnomedicinally, numerous species are employed in traditional healthcare systems across Asia, Africa, and the Americas for managing fever, inflammation, gastrointestinal disorders, infections, and liver ailments. Phytochemical investigations reveal a rich diversity of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds, which underpin their reported therapeutic properties. Experimental studies have demonstrated antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and antimalarial activities, supporting several traditional claims. Despite promising pharmacological findings, comprehensive clinical studies and toxicity assessments remain limited. An integrated, systematic and pharmacological approach is therefore essential to clarify taxonomic boundaries and validate the therapeutic potential of these medicinally important genera},
        keywords = {Borreria; Spermacoce; Rubiaceae; Phytochemistry; Ethnomedicine.},
        month = {March},
        }