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@article{196711,
        author = {Vinika Manglani and Teena Pareek and Prity Sharma},
        title = {Camel vs Cow Dung Biochar: A Review on Production, Characterization, and Application Potential},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {4872-4884},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=196711},
        abstract = {Biochar derived from animal manure has emerged as a promising material for sustainable environmental management and agricultural applications. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent research (2024–2026) on the production, properties and applications of biochar derived from camel dung and cow dung based on 155 published studies. The findings reveal a clear disparity in the research maturity of the two feedstocks. Cow dung biochar has been extensively studied with well-established physicochemical properties including surface areas upto 117.57 m²/g at a pyrolysis temperature of 550°C, pH values ranging from 6.49 to 10.19, and biochar yields between 30.63% and 64.81%, depending on pyrolysis conditions. Its applications are diverse including soil fertility enhancement and environmental remediation through adsorption of heavy metals and organic pollutants. In contrast, camel dung biochar represents an emerging research area with limited but promising finding particularly in the removal of copper and chromium from aqueous solutions. However, detailed characterization and large-scale application studies remain scarce. This review identifies significant research gaps in camel dung biochar and highlights the need for further investigations to optimize production processes, enhance material properties and expand practical applications. Overall, animal manure-derived biochar demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable solution for waste management, soil improvement and environmental protection.},
        keywords = {Biochar, Camel dung, Cow dung, Pyrolysis, Physicochemical properties, Environmental remediation, Heavy metal adsorption, Sustainable agriculture},
        month = {April},
        }