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@article{197089,
        author = {Mr. S. Hariharan and Dr. M. Saravanan and Dr. R. Gayathri},
        title = {Design and Experimental Analysis of a Low-Cost Embedded Milk Quality Monitoring System Using ESP32},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {5947-5951},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=197089},
        abstract = {Milk quality monitoring is essential to ensure food safety and prevent economic losses in dairy supply chains. Conventional laboratory-based testing methods are often expensive, time-consuming, and unsuitable for real-time field applications. This paper presents the design and experimental analysis of a low-cost embedded milk quality monitoring system using the ESP32 microcontroller. The proposed system integrates pH, turbidity, and temperature sensors to evaluate milk freshness based on multiple quality parameters.
To improve measurement reliability, sensor calibration and data averaging techniques are employed to minimize noise and drift. A threshold-based classification model is implemented to categorize milk samples as fresh or spoiled. The system provides real-time feedback through an LCD display along with visual and audio alerts, making it suitable for practical deployment without the need for internet connectivity.
Experimental validation using different milk samples demonstrates that the proposed system can effectively detect quality variations with satisfactory accuracy and response time. The developed prototype offers a portable, cost-effective, and standalone solution suitable for small-scale dairy applications and rural environments.},
        keywords = {Milk Quality Monitoring, ESP32, Internet of Things, pH Sensor, Turbidity Sensor.},
        month = {April},
        }