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@article{199121,
        author = {Ayush Nandurkar and Prof.S.K.mude and Ishita Hatwar and Sonali Nimje},
        title = {An IoT-Enabled Smart Neutral Fault Detection System Using ESP32 for Real-Time Three-Phase Monitoring and Experimental Analysis},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {10510-10521},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199121},
        abstract = {Neutral conductor breakage and floating neutral conditions are among the most dangerous faults in low-voltage three-phase four-wire electrical systems, as they can cause severe voltage imbalance, appliance damage, overheating, and fire hazards. Although conventional devices such as MCBs and RCCBs are effective for overcurrent and leakage faults, they cannot directly detect floating neutral faults in real time. Based on the proposed review framework, this paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of an IoT-enabled Smart Neutral Fault Detection System developed using an ESP32 controller, three PZEM-004T sensing modules, ZMPT101B voltage sensing, LCD alerts, buzzer indication, and PHP-MySQL dashboard integration.The system was physically tested under simulated conditions such as neutral breakage, overload, phase loss, undervoltage, and voltage imbalance. The experimental evaluation mainly focuses on fault response latency, dashboard update speed, and fault detection reliability. The results show that the system achieves sub-second to near real-time fault response, high detection accuracy, and stable dashboard monitoring, confirming its practical use for smart electrical panels, laboratories, and industrial monitoring environments. The findings show that the combination of embedded sensing, adaptive imbalance analysis, IoT monitoring, and edge-based ESP32 processing can successfully convert traditional electrical monitoring into an intelligent, data-driven, and scalable neutral fault detection system for future smart electrical and smart grid applications.},
        keywords = {Neutral Fault Detection, Floating Neutral, ESP32, PZEM-004T, IoT Dashboard, Three-Phase Monitoring, Voltage Imbalance.},
        month = {April},
        }