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@article{199387,
        author = {Selvakarthik S and Jagan Adithyan M and Deepak Raj S},
        title = {An Effective and Low Cost Based Hybrid Model of Heater Control for Process Control Applications},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {13675-13680},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199387},
        abstract = {The prototype IoT-based efficient temperature monitoring and control system for a heater using a PT100 sensor and an operational-amplifier-based control circuit. The system is engineered to operate in two distinct modes— Electronic Control Mode and PLC Mode—ensuring high reliability, flexibility, and uninterrupted operation. A mode- switching mechanism is incorporated using a 24 V relay for automatic transition and a manual on/off switch for user- controlled switching. In automatic mode selection, the PLC energizes the relay, connecting the controller to the relay’s normally open (NO) contact and enabling PLC-based temperature regulation. If a PLC fault occurs, the loss of the 24 V signal forces the relay to deenergize, shifting the controller to the normally closed (NC) contact, thereby activating the standalone Electronic Control Mode. The PT100 sensor provides accurate temperature feedback, which is processed through an op-amp based signal conditioning and control circuit to regulate the heater precisely. Additionally, an IoT support system is integrated to enable real-time monitoring, data logging, remote parameter configuration, and control through cloud connectivity. This enhances system visibility, user accessibility, and maintenance capability. Overall, the project provides a robust and intelligent temperature controller with dual mode operation, fault-tolerant design, making it suitable for industrial heating applications that require high accuracy, reliability, and remote operability.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {April},
        }