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@article{199762,
        author = {M.Jesmine jayakodi and R.Azhagu prasanth and S.Kavitha and M.Yogalakshmi},
        title = {smart concrete incorporating plastic waste with Iot based performance monitoring},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {15279-15304},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199762},
        abstract = {The increasing use of plastic in construction has raised concerns regarding sustainability and structural reliability. In this project, an innovative approach is proposed by partially replacing fine aggregate (sand) with plastic in M25 grade concrete. However, the substitution of plastic reduces the compressive strength of concrete. To overcome this limitation, a self-healing mechanism is incorporated to restore the strength to nominal M25 standards. The self-healing concrete is developed by embedding cellulose diacetate capsules containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria, with calcium lactate provided as a nutrient source. Upon the formation of cracks, the capsules rupture, activating bacterial metabolism that precipitates calcium carbonate, thereby sealing the cracks and improving strength. The use of biodegradable cellulose diacetate capsules ensures environmental compatibility and long-term durability. In addition to self-healing, the project integrates an IoT-based crack and void detection system to enable real-time structural health monitoring. This system operates on the principle of acoustic emission, where vibration patterns are analyzed to detect anomalies. The setup includes an acoustic sensor, Arduino microcontroller, ESP32 module, and power supply, which collectively identify and communicate the presence of voids or cracks. Experimental results demonstrate that with 4% replacement of sand by plastic, combined with bacterial self-healing and IoT-based monitoring, the concrete regains compressive strength equivalent to nominal M25 concrete, while also offering enhanced sustainability and smart diagnostic capabilities. This dual innovation biological self-healing and IoT-enabled monitoring presents a sustainable and intelligent alternative for modern construction practices.},
        keywords = {Recycled plastic, Encapsulated materials, Self-healing concrete.},
        month = {April},
        }