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@article{201559,
        author = {Sunil M. Hade and Shankar J. Gambhire and Gopal Gawande and Yugendra D. Chincholikar},
        title = {Battery Management System Cell Balancing Techniques: A Comprehensive Review},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {5026-5034},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=201559},
        abstract = {The growing reliance on electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy systems, and portable electronic devices has significantly accelerated the development of advanced energy storage technologies. In this context, Battery Management Systems (BMS) have emerged as a critical component for ensuring the safe, efficient, and reliable operation of battery packs. Among the various functions of a BMS, cell balancing is particularly important, as it maintains uniform charge distribution across individual cells, thereby enhancing overall system performance, operational safety, and battery lifespan. This review paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of cell balancing techniques developed over the past decade. It systematically examines conventional passive balancing methods, energy-efficient active balancing approaches, and hybrid techniques that combine the advantages of both. A structured review of fifteen significant research contributions is presented to highlight recent advancements and technological trends in this domain. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of these techniques is conducted based on key performance indicators such as efficiency, cost, balancing speed, and implementation complexity. The study also identifies several critical research gaps, including the limited development of low-cost embedded solutions, inadequate real-time adaptive control mechanisms, and scalability challenges in large battery systems. To address these issues, a novel methodology based on intelligent active balancing using embedded controllers is discussed, emphasizing improved efficiency and practical feasibility. The findings suggest that hybrid and adaptive balancing strategies offer promising solutions for next-generation BMS applications by achieving a balance between performance, cost, and complexity. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the evolution of cell balancing technologies and outlines potential directions for future research and development in advanced battery management systems.},
        keywords = {Battery Management System, Cell Balancing, Active Balancing, Passive Balancing, Hybrid Balancing, Lithium-ion Battery, Energy Storage, Smart BMS},
        month = {May},
        }