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@article{202140,
        author = {Dr. Siddiqui Lubna Javed Hasan and Sadaf Banesab Rajeshaikh},
        title = {Online and Blended Learning: A Survey of Policy and Practice in Higher Education Institutions},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {12757-12765},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=202140},
        abstract = {In today's interconnected world, many individuals lead "blended" lives, integrating physical and online activities. Blended learning aligns with this lifestyle, offering distinct advantages to students, teachers, and administrators, such as enhanced access and convenience, improved learning outcomes, and flexible or reduced costs. These benefits can be realized through intentional course design that follows established standards. This study explores the landscape of online and blended learning in higher education institutions across India, aiming to understand the policies, practices, and effectiveness of these learning modes. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and the deployment of a detailed questionnaire, data were collected from a diverse range of universities and colleges. The survey examines key areas, including demographic information, infrastructure and resources, institutional policies and strategies, implementation practices, challenges faced, and outcomes achieved. The findings provide valuable insights into the extent to which Indian higher education institutions are equipped for and engaged in online and blended learning. The results highlight significant progress in digital education while also identifying critical areas needing further development and support. This research seeks to inform educational policymakers, administrators, and other stakeholders about the successes and ongoing challenges in integrating online and blended learning within the higher education sector in India. The study underscores the importance of a deliberate design process in blended learning, demonstrating its alignment with modern, interconnected lifestyles and its potential to enhance educational experiences and outcomes.},
        keywords = {Blended Learning, E-Learning, Educational Policies, Higher Education, Digital Infrastructure.},
        month = {May},
        }