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@article{203296,
        author = {Asifa Naushad Ebrahim and Dr. Leena Chandnani},
        title = {NON-HUMAN ENERGY AGENCIES AS MAJOR PROTAGONISTS IN AMITAV GHOSH’S WORKS OF FICTION AND NON-FICTION},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {10304-10310},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=203296},
        abstract = {In this paper an attempt will be made to study how Amitav Ghosh weaves his stories around the energy dynamics that has shaped the colonial history and is still working behind the neo-colonial powers. The energy moves in Ghosh’s works operate to demonstrate how human society and it’s politics is totally dependent on the sources of energy. How energy materialized empires in the colonial past and continues to empower the nations of 21st Century. He shows energy regimes being constructed by natural resources and non-human forces like opium, teak, oil, crops, tides, storms, etc. Connections are built to link politics to extractivisim captures how the nations fall when their energy-sources are over-exploited.
In the Ibis trilogy, The Hungry Tide, Gun Island and The Glass Palace, Amitav Ghosh builds the cause and effect relationship between imperial history and climate changes being executed through the dynamics of energy regimes — narcotic, hydrological, vegetal and fossil — showing that empires are built on energy and for energy. Climate crisis empires’ legacy, and literature its narrative aid.
Across fiction and nonfiction, Amitav Ghosh connects empire, capitalism, migration and the climate crisis - showing that the Anthropocene is not nature’s accident but the narrative, economic and military logic of energy histories getting shaped since colonial period. Through his literature the concept of energy humanities calls for moral reframing and indicates at moral and narrative failure of the human race. Thus, the study will help to predict the future of the energy-human dynamics and scope for activism and action-oriented approach to mitigate the infamous legacy of energy driven empires in the form of climate crisis.},
        keywords = {Energy, Empires, Climate Crisis, Literature, Humanities, Extractivism, Natural Resources, Non-human Forces.},
        month = {May},
        }