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@article{204981,
        author = {Prof. R. S. More and Avadhut S. Bhopale and Rushikesh S. Kumbhar and Prathamesh D. Patil and Vivek P. Patil and Pratik V. Upadhye},
        title = {Treatment and Utilization of Greywater for Non-Potable Applications Using a Decentralized Multi-Layer Filtration and Phytoremediation System},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {4998-5012},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=204981},
        abstract = {Increasing freshwater scarcity, rapid urbanization, and population growth have intensified the need for sustainable water management strategies worldwide. Greywater, which constitutes approximately 50–70% of domestic wastewater, represents a valuable alternative water resource that can be treated and reused for nonportable applications. This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of a lowcost decentralized greywater treatment system employing multilayer filtration and phytoremediation techniques. The proposed system consists of four major treatment stages, namely sedimentation, primary filtration, secondary filtration, and aeration. The filtration unit incorporates locally available materials such as coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, activated charcoal, soil media, and lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) to facilitate physical filtration, adsorption, biological degradation, and nutrient uptake. A laboratoryscale prototype was developed and tested using domestic greywater collected from residential sources. Water quality assessment was conducted using key physicochemical parameters including pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), hardness, chloride, and nitrate concentrations. The integrated treatment process demonstrated significant improvement in water quality through the combined action of sedimentation, adsorption, microbial activity, and phytoremediation. The treated effluent was found suitable for various nonportable applications such as landscape irrigation, toilet flushing, floor cleaning, and gardening. Furthermore, the proposed system offers advantages including low installation cost, minimal energy consumption, simple operation, and reduced environmental impact. The findings indicate that decentralized greywater reuse systems can substantially reduce freshwater demand, alleviate pressure on municipal wastewater infrastructure, and contribute to sustainable urban water management practices, particularly in water stressed regions.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {June},
        }