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@article{205572,
        author = {Dr. Punit Kumar},
        title = {Vitamin D Deficiency: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Therapeutic Management},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {7337-7342},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=205572},
        abstract = {Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has emerged as a global public health concern, affecting an estimated one billion individuals across all age groups, ethnicities, and geographic regions. Despite widespread availability of sunlight, the primary source of Vitamin D synthesis; modern lifestyle changes, dietary inadequacies, and various medical conditions have precipitated an alarming prevalence of deficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and evidence-based management strategies for Vitamin D deficiency. Particular attention is given to its multisystemic consequences, including musculoskeletal disorders, immune dysfunction, cardiovascular risk, and metabolic complications. Screening protocols and public health strategies for prevention and supplementation are also discussed.},
        keywords = {Vitamin D deficiency, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, cholecalciferol, rickets, osteomalacia, supplementation, immune function},
        month = {June},
        }