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@article{205682,
        author = {P Naga Haritha and Pragnya Sharma and Krishna Manohar},
        title = {Recent Advances in 3D Printing Technologies for Oral Disintegrating Films: Current Status, Challenges, and Future Perspectives},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {1},
        pages = {8111-8127},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=205682},
        abstract = {Oral disintegrating films (ODFs) are emerging as potential drug delivery methods based on their fast disintegration characteristics, ease of drug administration, and enhanced patient adherence particularly in the pediatric and geriatric age range. Recent breakthroughs in three-dimensional printing (3DP) processes allow creation of fine-tuned ODFs with specific geometries, controlled drug release profiles, and tailored dosing. Herein, it discusses the developments and advances in 3DP methods used for ODF fabrication, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), semi-solid extrusion (SSE), stereolithography (SLA), inkjet printing, binder jetting, and selective laser sintering (SLS). The advantages, limitations, and pharmaceutical use of these technologies are also given a critical overview. Particular focus is given to film-forming polymers and excipients such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pullulan, and related materials that have a significant influence on printability, mechanical strength, disintegration behavior, and drug release performance. The review further emphasizes important evaluation parameters like film uniformity, tensile strength, disintegration time, and dissolution performance. And, also high-priority issues of the thermal instability of the active pharmaceutical ingredients, availability of pharmaceutical-grade printable materials, scalability, and regulatory issues are reviewed. Novel paradigms, such as artificial intelligence-mediated formulation and point-of-care production, and personalized polypharmacy-based therapies, are anticipated to push the clinical utility of 3D-printed ODFs. In summary, 3DP technology provides great possibilities for patient-oriented oral film formulations and a great advancement into personalized pharmaceutical manufacturing.},
        keywords = {3D printing; Oral disintegrating films; Semi-solid extrusion; Fused deposition modeling; Personalized medicine; Additive manufacturing},
        month = {June},
        }