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@article{206043,
        author = {Gargee Thattey},
        title = {Green Hydrogen Technologies: A Review of Alternate Innovative Pathways Beyond Water Splitting},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {2},
        pages = {257-282},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=206043},
        abstract = {This review critically examines emerging hydrogen production technologies that have the potential to overcome the limitations of conventional hydrogen production routes, with particular emphasis on brine electrolysis, methane pyrolysis, direct air electrolysis, wastewater electrolysis through the Integrated Forward Osmosis–Alkaline Water Electrolysis (FO–AWE) system, and photoelectrochemical water splitting. The reviewed technologies are comparatively evaluated with conventional hydrogen production pathways based on feedstock requirements, process characteristics, technology maturity, advantages, limitations, and techno-economic performance. Particular emphasis is placed on comparing the gross and net Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) by accounting for revenues generated from valuable co-products, including chlorine, sodium hydroxide, oxygen, treated wastewater, and solid carbon. Overall, these alternative hydrogen production technologies demonstrate significant potential to complement or replace conventional hydrogen production in specific applications by improving resource utilization, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing economic viability, thereby supporting the transition towards a sustainable and diversified hydrogen economy.},
        keywords = {Green hydrogen, brine electrolysis, biogas pyrolysis, turquoise hydrogen, electrochemical systems, thermochemical processes, air moisture hydrogen production, decentralized energy systems, renewable energy, low-carbon hydrogen.},
        month = {July},
        }