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@article{210396,
        author = {R. Kusuma and Peddapuram Sai Rupa and Perumandla mounika and Appam sathwika and Mamidi swathi and Shyamala sushma},
        title = {FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NEEM EXTRACT LOADED PHYTOSOMES FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {6},
        pages = {698-704},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=210396},
        abstract = {Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a well-known medicinal plant possessing antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of neem extract is often limited due to poor stability and low bioavailability of its active phytoconstituents. The present study was aimed at the formulation and evaluation of Neem extract-loaded phytosomes to enhance the stability, entrapment efficiency, and controlled release of bioactive compounds. Neem extract-loaded phytosomes were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using soya lecithin and cholesterol as lipid carriers. The prepared formulations were evaluated for drug-excipient compatibility, particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, surface morphology, and in vitro drug release. FTIR studies confirmed the compatibility between Neem extract and formulation excipients without any significant chemical interaction. 
SEM analysis revealed spherical phytosomal vesicles with uniform distribution and smooth surface morphology. The particle size of the formulations ranged from 244 to 295 nm, while zeta potential values indicated good physical stability of the phytosomal system. Entrapment efficiency was found to be in the range of 77.50% to 85.26%, with formulation F3 exhibiting the highest entrapment efficiency (85.26%). In vitro drug release studies demonstrated a sustained release profile over 8 hours, with the optimized formulation F3 showing a maximum cumulative drug release of 98.88%. The results confirmed the successful development of stable Neem extract-loaded phytosomes with improved entrapment efficiency and controlled release characteristics. 
The optimized formulation exhibited superior physicochemical properties and may serve as a promising phytosomal delivery system for enhancing the therapeutic potential of Neem extract.},
        keywords = {Neem extract, Phytosomes, Soya lecithin, Cholesterol, Entrapment efficiency, Controlled release, Drug delivery system.},
        month = {November},
        }