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@article{207257,
        author = {Iaxmikant Diwakar},
        title = {Techno-Economic and Material Impacts of Ethanol-Blended Gasoline on the Indian Automobile Fleet},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {3},
        pages = {183-187},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=207257},
        abstract = {India’s Accelerated Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) roadmap achieved nationwide standard integration of E20 (20% ethanol, 80% gasoline) to reduce crude oil import dependency and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, the legacy fleet introduces technical complexities regarding material compatibility and engine calibration. This paper reviews the performance, emission characteristics, and structural degradation dynamics of ethanol blends on Indian passenger cars and two-wheelers. Drawing data from the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), NITI Aayog, and field surveys, we analyze the engineering tradeoffs between increased octane properties and non-metallic material vulnerability.},
        keywords = {Ethanol-Blended Petrol (EBP); E20 Fuel; Indian Automotive Fleet; Hansen Solubility Parameters; Material Compatibility; Phase Separation; Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio; Polymeric Degradation; Engine Performance.},
        month = {August},
        }