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@article{151308,
        author = {Payal Agrawal and Shaikh Mohd Salem and Sayyed Nadeem and Shaikh Mohammed Ilyas and Shaikh Adil},
        title = {High Resolution Monitoring Of Retaining Walls Using Sensors},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {},
        volume = {7},
        number = {12},
        pages = {420-425},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=151308},
        abstract = {Retaining walls are important structures to stabilize slopes in the vicinity of infrastructure objects like buildings, highways and tunnel portals. In Austria, conventional monitoring of these walls is based on visual inspection and on deformation measurements of a few distinctive points on or within the structure. However, these approaches leave large areas of retaining walls unobserved and thus relevant structural deficiencies may be missed. 
We present a new approach consisting of remote surface based measurements with mobile mapping systems and internal deformation measurements with high resolution distributed fibre optic sensors.  
For the remote sensing, a measurement platform consisting of two laser scanners, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a differential GNSS sensor and several cameras was used. Whilst a standard car with the attached multi sensor system platform travels with up to 100 km/h along the highway, data is continuously recorded with high frequency. As a result, georeferenced high resolution point clouds of all retaining walls along the highway can be obtained. We further analyse the point clouds to derive safety relevant parameters like tilt changes of the retaining walls.  
Large retaining walls are often stabilized by fully or partly grouted anchors. We demonstrate that the utilization grade of these anchors can be measured reliably with distributed fibre optic sensors (DFOS). From the DFOS measurements, the longitudinal strain and also bending properties of anchors can be depicted.  },
        keywords = {Retaining walls, Fibre optic sensors, Mobile mapping systems, Laser scanning },
        month = {},
        }