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@article{172604,
        author = {Dr.M. Samatha},
        title = {Modernization and Mechanization: The Decline of Traditional Folk Arts in India},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {9},
        pages = {345-350},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=172604},
        abstract = {Folk arts, a vital part of India’s culture and traditions, are fading with the rise of modernization and mechanization. Gangireddulata, a unique animal-based folk art, is one such tradition that is struggling to survive. Once an integral part of Sankranti celebrations, this art form involves highly trained bulls performing alongside decorated bullfighters.
Gangireddulata carries cultural and spiritual significance, rooted in mythological tales of Nandi and Shiva, reflecting a symbiotic relationship between farmers and livestock. Despite its rich history and artistic uniqueness, this tradition faces neglect. With bullfighting games restricted due to urbanization, dwindling interest, and modernization, Gangireddulata performers are labeled as beggars. Financial instability and lack of support have worsened their plight. The once-decorated bulls, symbolic of divine connection, are now often purchased with loans, further deepening the financial burden. Additionally, the itinerant lifestyle of Gangireddulata practitioners hinders education and social stability, especially for women and children. The increasing dominance of mechanized tools, cultural shifts, and the rise of social media have marginalized traditional art forms, limiting their relevance to festivals. Without initiatives to recognize and support folk artists as cultural ambassadors, valuable traditions like Gangireddulata may vanish, leaving a cultural void.},
        keywords = {Traditional Folk Arts, Cultural Heritage, Gangireddulata, Modernization, Mechanization, Folk Performances, Agrarian Society, Urbanization, Cultural Decline, Social Media and Folk Art, Folk Art Preservation, Rural Livelihoods, Livestock and Culture, Art Form Extinction and Cultural Transformation},
        month = {February},
        }