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@article{177134,
        author = {P. C. Kandale},
        title = {Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination on the Biochemical Responses of Freshwater Fish},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {894-899},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=177134},
        abstract = {Heavy metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems has emerged as a critical environmental concern, threatening aquatic biodiversity and public health. This study explores the biochemical and physiological responses of freshwater fish to heavy metal exposure, focusing on species found in the polluted water bodies of Maharashtra, India. Key heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic are discussed in terms of their sources, behavior in aquatic systems, and mechanisms of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Specific target organs like the liver, gills, kidneys, and muscles show significant biochemical disruptions, including oxidative stress, enzyme activity alterations, and metabolic imbalances. Comparative analysis between laboratory and field observations highlights species-specific sensitivities and real-world ecological impacts. The study also addresses human health risks associated with consuming contaminated fish. Strategies like bioremediation, strict pollution control, and habitat restoration are proposed for mitigating heavy metal pollution. Future research directions emphasize the need for long-term monitoring, molecular biomarker development, and understanding the interactions between emerging pollutants and climate change.},
        keywords = {Heavy metal contamination, Freshwater fish, Bioaccumulation, Oxidative stress, Aquatic ecosystems, Biochemical biomarkers, Environmental pollution, Human health risks},
        month = {May},
        }