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@article{186189,
        author = {Ganesh Kumar},
        title = {Standards-Based Layer 1 to Layer 2 Interface Design for LTE Femto-cell Base Stations},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {1187-1192},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186189},
        abstract = {The integration of LTE femtocells into modern cellular networks demands efficient and interoperable design of the Layer 1 to Layer 2 (L1-L2) interface. This interface is responsible for orchestrating critical control signals, including HARQ feedback, resource scheduling, and timing synchronization between the physical (PHY) and MAC layers. As LTE continues to evolve toward virtualization and multi-RAT coexistence, standards-compliant L1-L2 designs have become increasingly vital for achieving performance consistency, scalability, and cross-vendor compatibility. This review summarizes the current landscape of L1-L2 interface strategies, evaluates implementation trade-offs, and outlines design principles informed by 3GPP standards. The article also presents experimental comparisons and proposes a modular theoretical model for optimized femtocell deployments.},
        keywords = {LTE, Femtocell, Layer 1, Layer 2, Interface Design, HARQ, 3GPP, Virtualization, Open RAN, Synchronization, MAC-PHY Integration},
        month = {November},
        }