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@article{189643,
        author = {Pankaj Kumar},
        title = {ACADEMIC BANK OF CREDITS (ABC) AND CREDIT TRANSFER: PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {7197-7201},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189643},
        abstract = {The Academic Bank of Credits (ABC) represents a transformative initiative in India's higher education landscape, introduced under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to foster flexibility, mobility, and interdisciplinary learning. This system functions as a digital repository where students can accumulate, store, transfer, and redeem credits earned from various recognized institutions, enabling seamless transitions between programs and universities. By integrating with the Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) ID and platforms like DigiLocker, ABC ensures secure management of academic records, promoting lifelong learning and skill development aligned with the National Credit Framework (NCrF).
This research paper explores the conceptual foundations of ABC, its mechanisms for credit transfer, and practical implementation strategies. Drawing from official guidelines and empirical insights, it examines how ABC facilitates multiple entry and exit points in education, credit portability across institutions, and the inclusion of online, distance, and skill-based courses. Key benefits include enhanced student autonomy, reduced academic disruptions due to transfers, and improved employability through multidisciplinary pathways. However, challenges such as institutional adoption, technological integration, and standardization of credit valuation persist.
Through an analysis of case studies from Indian universities like Delhi University and Banaras Hindu University, the paper highlights successful implementations and potential pitfalls. It argues that effective rollout requires robust policy support, capacity building for educators, and continuous monitoring to address disparities in access, particularly in rural areas. The study concludes with recommendations for scaling ABC to realize NEP 2020's vision of a student-centric education system. Proper referencing ensures academic integrity, with sources drawn from UGC documents, policy frameworks, and scholarly articles.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {December},
        }