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@article{189966,
        author = {Vaishnavi Dhanaji Nanaware and Balaji A. Chaughule},
        title = {Topological Qubits and Majorana 1: A Survey of Recent Developments},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {2568-2575},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189966},
        abstract = {Majorana-based topological qubits offer a fundamentally new route to scalable, fault-tolerant quan-tum computing by encoding quantum information non-lo-cally in Majorana zero modes (MZMs), which exhibit non-Abelian exchange statistics and are intrinsically pro-tected against local noise. Building on the principles of topological superconductivity and the Kitaev-chain model, Microsoft’s Majorana 1 represents the first-generation implementation of a topological-core quantum processor. It integrates indium arsenide–aluminium heterostruc-tures, voltage-controlled parity readout, cryogenic CMOS control, and H-shaped nanowire networks to stabilize and manipulate MZMs within scalable architectures. This hardware approach aims to minimize error-correction overheads compared to superconducting or trapped-ion systems, enabling surface-code variants optimized for Ma-jorana devices. Microsoft’s roadmap advances from sin-gle- and two-qubit validation toward large Majorana sur-face-code arrays and ultimately million-qubit-class sys-tems. The Majorana 1 platform thus consolidates topolog-ical protection and modular tiling strategies as practical foundations for transitioning from NISQ-era prototypes to industrial-scale quantum computation.},
        keywords = {Majorana zero modes; topological qubits; non-Abelian anyons; braiding; parity-to-charge conver-sion; topological superconductivity; semiconductor–su-perconductor nanowires; indium arsenide–aluminum heterostructures; Majorana surface codes; fault-tolerant quantum computing; cryogenic CMOS control; voltage-controlled parity measurement; Kitaev chain; quantum error correction; Microsoft Majorana 1; topoconductor; scalable quantum architectures; quasiparticle poisoning; hybrid quantum–classical control; modular H-shaped nanowire arrays.},
        month = {January},
        }