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@article{196222,
        author = {Dr Ramhet Nagar and Prof Dr Pramod Kumar Mishra and Dr Bhanu Priya Choudhary},
        title = {A Review of Sandhivata (Osteoarthritis) from Ayurvedic and Modern Perspectives: Pathogenesis, Clinical Profile, and Management Strategies},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {2400-2407},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=196222},
        abstract = {Background: Sandhivata is a predominant Vata Vyadhi (disorder of the Vata Dosha) in Ayurveda, characterized by degenerative changes in the joints, leading to pain, swelling, and restricted movement. Its clinical features closely resemble those of Osteoarthritis (OA), a leading cause of global disability, especially among the aging population. With limitations in modern OA management, primarily focused on symptomatic relief, exploring Ayurveda's holistic approach is imperative.
Objective: To systematically review and synthesize the classical Ayurvedic understanding of Sandhivata and correlate it with the modern medical knowledge of OA, focusing on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment modalities.
Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Classical Ayurvedic texts including Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Hridaya, and Madhava Nidana were reviewed for conceptual data on Sandhivata. A comprehensive compilation of previous research works (1963-2011) from various Ayurvedic institutes across India was analyzed to map the historical research trends. Modern medical textbooks and peer-reviewed journals were consulted for information on OA. Data were synthesized to draw correlations between the two systems of medicine.
Results: The review establishes a strong correlation between Sandhivata and OA. The Nidana (etiological factors) of Sandhivata, such as Ati-ruksha (excessive dryness), Vegasandharana (suppression of natural urges), and Jara (aging), align with OA risk factors like joint stress, trauma, and advanced age. The samprapti (pathogenesis) of Sandhivata, involving Vata vitiation, Dhatukshaya (tissue depletion), and localization in Asthi-Sandhi (bones and joints), parallels the OA pathophysiology of chondrocyte apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinase activation, and subchondral bone changes. Clinical features like Sandhishula (joint pain), Sandhishotha (swelling), and Stambha (stiffness) are synonymous with OA symptoms. Ayurvedic management, centered on Snehana (oleation), Svedana (fomentation), Basti (medicated enema), and Agnikarma (thermal cauterization), offers a multifaceted approach compared to the primarily palliative modern treatments involving NSAIDs and surgery.
Conclusion: Sandhivata and Osteoarthritis are equivalent clinical entities viewed through different medical paradigms. The Ayurvedic model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the disease's multifactorial origin and progression, emphasizing prevention and restoration of function. Integrating Ayurvedic principles and therapies, particularly Basti and Rasayana drugs, with modern diagnostic and monitoring tools holds significant promise for developing more effective, holistic management protocols for OA. Further high-quality clinical trials standardizing these interventions are warranted.},
        keywords = {Sandhivata, Osteoarthritis, Vata Vyadhi, IMRAD, PRISMA, Ayurveda, Basti, Snehana, Degenerative Joint Disease.},
        month = {April},
        }