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@article{199143,
        author = {SANGEETHAM SUJITHNARAYANA and N VISHNU VENKATESH},
        title = {Mobile Network Security: Challenges, Vulnerabilities, and Future Directions},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {11932-11956},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199143},
        abstract = {Mobile network security has evolved dramatically from the second generation (2G) to the emerging sixth generation (6G), yet fundamental challenges persist alongside new vulnerabilities introduced by architectural complexity and technological advancement. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of security challenges, vulnerabilities, and defense mechanisms across five generations of mobile networks, examining cryptographic evolution from weak A5/1 stream ciphers to post-quantum resistant algorithms, and analyzing persistent threats including IMSI catching, man-in-the-middle attacks, and denial of service. We evaluate emerging solutions such as machine learning-based intrusion detection systems, software-defined networking, and multi-factor authentication in 5G contexts, while highlighting the critical gap between theoretical security frameworks and practical deployment risks, particularly regarding backward compatibility. Drawing on systematic analysis of architectural vulnerabilities, protocol-level weaknesses, and real-world attack demonstrations, we propose security design considerations for 6G networks that emphasize zero-trust architectures, AI-driven security, post-quantum cryptography, and holistic cross-layer protection. This work bridges theoretical security research and operational realities, providing actionable insights for researchers, network operators, and policymakers navigating the complex landscape of mobile network security.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {April},
        }