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@article{206354,
        author = {Dr. Tanuja Vikas Dubey},
        title = {Beyond Bad Loans: A Comparative Analysis of Non-Performing Assets in Indian Banks},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {2},
        pages = {1134-1139},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=206354},
        abstract = {The Indian banking sector plays a crucial role in supporting economic growth by mobilizing savings and providing credit to individuals, businesses, and industries. However, the rising level of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) has emerged as one of the most significant challenges affecting the stability and profitability of banks. High NPAs reduce income generation, increase provisioning requirements, weaken capital adequacy, and adversely affect banks' lending capacity. Effective management of NPAs is therefore essential for ensuring financial stability and sustainable economic development. This study aims to compare the performance of selected public sector, private sector, and cooperative banks in India with respect to their Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) and Net Non-Performing Assets (NNPA). The study covers six banks, namely State Bank of India (SBI), Bank of Baroda (BOB), HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Nasik Merchants Cooperative Bank (NAMCO), and Saraswat Cooperative Bank, during the period from 2018–19 to 2022–23. Secondary data were collected from the published annual reports of the selected banks and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). A descriptive research design was adopted, and statistical tools including percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, trend analysis, graphical presentation, and one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyse the data. The findings reveal significant differences in NPA performance among the selected banks. Private sector banks consistently maintained lower Gross and Net NPA ratios owing to stronger credit appraisal systems, effective risk management practices, and technology-driven monitoring. Public sector banks demonstrated substantial improvement in asset quality during the study period following regulatory reforms and enhanced recovery mechanisms. Cooperative banks exhibited relatively higher fluctuations in NPAs due to operational and governance challenges. The study concludes that effective credit risk management, timely loan recovery, digital monitoring systems, and prudent lending practices are essential for reducing NPAs and improving banking efficiency. The findings provide useful insights for policymakers, regulators, banking professionals, and researchers in designing effective strategies for strengthening asset quality and promoting sustainable growth in the Indian banking sector.},
        keywords = {Asset Quality, Banking Performance, Non-Performing Assets, Gross NPA, Net NPA, Private Sector Banks, Public Sector Banks.},
        month = {July},
        }