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@article{210811,
        author = {Dhananjoy Dey},
        title = {Role of Biophysics in Sports Engineering: A Special Emphasis on Indigenous Sports of India},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {6},
        pages = {2072-2080},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=210811},
        abstract = {Biophysics plays an increasingly important role in modern sports engineering by providing scientific explanations of human movement, muscular activity, energy transfer, mechanical forces, physiological responses, and interactions between athletes and sporting equipment. Although considerable research has been conducted on international sports, the application of biophysical principles to indigenous and traditional sports of India remains comparatively underexplored. Traditional Indian sports such as Mallakhamb, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Kalaripayattu, Silambam, Gatka, and Thang-Ta involve complex combinations of strength, flexibility, agility, balance, coordination, speed, and dynamic body control. 
These activities provide valuable opportunities for interdisciplinary research integrating biophysics, biomechanics, materials science, sports technology, and engineering. This paper examines the role of biophysics in understanding and improving the performance, safety, and technological development of indigenous Indian sports. It discusses the application of kinematics, kinetics, muscle biomechanics, energy metabolism, impact mechanics, and human-equipment interaction. Potential applications of wearable sensors, motion capture systems, electromyography, force platforms, artificial intelligence, and computational modelling are also explored. 
Particular attention is given to the development of affordable and culturally appropriate sports engineering solutions that preserve the traditional characteristics of indigenous games while supporting scientific training and injury prevention.
The paper proposes an interdisciplinary framework for integrating biophysical measurements with sports engineering and traditional sporting knowledge. It identifies research gaps and recommends future investigations to establish scientific performance standards for indigenous Indian sports.},
        keywords = {Biophysics, sports engineering, biomechanics, indigenous sports, traditional Indian games, Mallakhamb, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, wearable sensors, motion analysis, injury prevention.},
        month = {November},
        }