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@article{210921,
        author = {Prof. Sravanthi Mettu and Khushnuma Perween and Dr. Pvanjana and Ms. Kalpana Tad and Nithin Manly S and Mohit Bansal},
        title = {Effects of Overweight and Obesity During Pregnancy: A Narrative view of Physiological Outcomes, Prenatal Risks, Care Challenges, and Early Intervention Approaches},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {6},
        pages = {2747-2755},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=210921},
        abstract = {Background: There has been significant research on overweight and obesity (OWO) in pregnancy, but the majority of studies have investigated individual complications, providing a partial overview of the way in which pregnancy can be managed. Objectives: To provide a comprehensive review of the literature regarding OWO clinical considerations and management strategies prior to conception, during pregnancy and after delivery. Methods: In September 2025, a narrative literature review of PubMed was performed. Eligible studies were full text English language studies that contained human participants and for which there were no restrictions on publication dates. Findings: Overweight and obesity affect pregnancy in four key areas: physiological changes, complications to the mother and fetus, difficulties with prenatal care and interventions. Laboratory findings and clinical management may be impacted by altered metabolic and inflammatory responses in women with OWO. Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, fetal overgrowth, congenital abnormalities, still birth and preterm birth are all risks associated with obesity. This can also lead to less accurate prenatal ultrasound estimates. To reduce complications and optimise the mother and baby outcomes, early counselling, suitable weight management and individual antenatal intervention is essential. 
Conclusions: An extensive preconception and antenatal care program is needed to enhance pregnancy outcomes for women with OWO. Comprehensive clinical and preventive measures, including early counseling, can minimize complications of pregnancy and facilitate long-term child and mother's health.},
        keywords = {Overweight, Obesity, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Maternal Complications, Ultrasound, Preconception Counseling.},
        month = {November},
        }