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@article{184136,
        author = {Rukhsar Bi Neamat Momin and Dr. Rahilah Shaikh and Prof. R. B. Kale},
        title = {Hydrothermal Synthesis of Low-Cost TiO2: Annealing-Driven Mixed Phase for Enhanced DSSC Performance},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {85-88},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184136},
        abstract = {The TiO2 nanomaterials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method (T1) and subsequently annealed at 400 °C for 2 h (T2). X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of pure anatase in T1, while T2 exhibited a mixed anatase–brookite phase along with a reduction in crystallite size. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a stone-like morphology, while annealing induced particle agglomeration, which results in larger aggregates. UV–Vis. spectroscopy showed a slight widening of the band gap, which can be attributed to size quantization effects. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated an enhanced cyclic voltammetry response for the annealed sample. Furthermore, current density–voltage measurements confirmed superior photovoltaic performance, with T2 achieving a power conversion efficiency of 3.68%. These findings highlight the structural, optical, and electrochemical improvements induced by annealing, suggesting the potential of such modified TiO2 nanomaterials for energy-related applications.},
        keywords = {Anatase-Brookite mixed phase; Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs); Hydrothermal method; Renewable energy; TiO2 nanomaterials.},
        month = {September},
        }