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@article{184920,
        author = {Niket Ashok Shinde},
        title = {Modern Automotive Suspension Systems: Principles, Calculations and Comparative Analysis},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {4},
        pages = {3578-3580},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=184920},
        abstract = {this paper presents the occupants of motor vehicle would suffer severely as well as its structure would be subjected to excessive fatigue loading if the chassis is provided with direct transmission of the loads carried by rolling wheels of the vehicle. 
To safeguard the working parts of the motor vehicle against fracture or break down due to continued and severe stresses on the engine and the transmission systems as well as body work the vehicle components or axels should be properly suspended. Moreover if the front and the rear wheel axels are allowed to run in bearings rigidly attached to the frame, extremely uncomfortable rides would be resulted. To avoid the transmission of road effects to the passengers while travelling in vehicles on uneven ground, it is, therefore, necessary that the wheels and the axels should be insulated from the frame. For this purpose, suspension systems are used. A good suspension should have springiness and damping. A spring is liable to overshoot its original position and start bouncing up and down if energy is not absorbed. Springs are mounted on a rubber packing to reduce noise and add more softness. In order to provide a comfortable ride to the passengers and avoid additional stresses in motor car frame, the car should neither bounce or roll or sway the passengers when cornering nor pitch when accelerating.},
        keywords = {Vehicle stability, suspension system dynamics, load calculations.},
        month = {September},
        }